Unit Two
Conservation
urgent need حاجة ماسة / عاجلة
reporter معلق
conservation حماية الطبيعة
hunting صيد الحيوان
shoot يطلق النار / يقذف الكرة
warden حارس الغابة
rhinoceros وحيد القرن
poacher قناص
prohibited = forbidden ممنوع
nowadays هذه الايام
endangered معرضة للخطر
wildlife park محمية للحياة البرية
speciesفصيلة / فصائل
exist =found يوجد / يعيش
botanical نباتي
predict يتنبأ
extinction انقراض
rate = average معدل
efficiently بكفاءة
whale حوت
hunters صياد
as a result كنتيجة لذلك
disappear يختفي
pollution التلوث
environment البيئة
cause يسبب
deforestation قطع الغابات
tropics المنطقة الاستوائية
create يخلق / يبدع
fuel وقود
damage = destroy يدمر
threatened with مهدد بـ
insects الحشرات
depend on يعتمد على
survival البقاء على قيد الحياة
improve يحسن / يطور
planet كوكب
pesticides مبيدات حشرية
creatures مخلوقات
run away = escape يهرب
Word study
قطع الغابات
deforestation : قطع
Cutting down forests . الغابات
أسمدة
fertilizers :مادة تجعلالنبات تنمو أسرع
A substance to make plants grow faster .
غابة
forest :كبيرة مساحة مملوءة
A large area full of trees .أشجار
حشرات
insect : صغيرحيوان
A small animal with six legs .
كوكب
planet :يدور حول
A body which orbits the sun .
يمنع
prohibit
Do not allow .لا يسمح
الغابات الإستوائية
tropics : منطقة مجاور لـ خط الاستواء
The hot region close to the equator .
مرئي
visible
Can be seen مرئي
حوت
whale : large sea animal . حيوان بحري
Verbs
eat ate eaten يأكل
fall fell fallen يسقط
feed fed fed يطعم
fly flew flown يطير
feel felt felt يشعر
fight fought fought يحارب
find found found يجد
forget forgot forgotten ينسى
Questions and answers
1-What is a reporter ?من هو المذيع
الرجل جريدة يعمل الراديو التليفزيون
He is a man who works for a newspaper , a radio , or a television .
2-What is a warden ?من هو الحارس
غابة الحياة البرية يحمي
He is a man who protectswildlife in the forest .
3-What is a poacher ? من هو القناص
تصريح بدون يصيد سمك يصيد حيوان
He is a man who hunts or fishes without permission
4-What does “Conservation” mean ? ماذا تعني الحماية
معرضة للخطر نباتات حيوان حماية تعني
It means protecting animals and plants which are endangered .
5-What does “extinction” mean?ماذا يعني الإنقراض
لا توجد نباتات حيوان فصائل عديدة تعني
It means that many species of animals and plants do not exist .
6-What are the main causes of extinction of animals? ما هي الأسباب الأساسية لانقراض الحيوان
هذه الأيام بكفاءة
People hunts and fishes efficiently nowadays .
1-Pollution of the environment .تلوث البيئة
2-Deforestation in the tropics . قطع الغابات في المنطقة الاستوائية
7-What does deforestation mean ?ماذا نقصد بقطع الغابات ؟
الغابات تدمير قطــــــــع تعني
It means cutting down or destroying forests .
8-Why do people cut down their forests ?لماذا يقطع اناس الغابات ؟
للزراعة أرض لخلق وقود البناء خشب
Because they need wood for building and fuel and to create more land for agriculture.
Vocabulary Exercises
1- A ………………… is a man who works for a newspaper , radio and TV.
A- warden b- reporter c- poacher d-hunter
2- A …………….. is a man who protect wildlife in the forest .
A- warden b- reporter c- poacher d-hunter
3- A ……………… is a man who hunts or fishes without permission ?
A- warden b- reporter c- poacher d-hunter
4- ………………. means protecting animals and plants which are endangered .
a-Deforestation b- Conservation c- Extinction d- Hunting
5-…………………..means that many species of animals and plants die out.
a-Deforestation b- Conservation c- Extinction d- Hunting
6-It means cutting down or destroying forests .
a-Deforestation b- Conservation c- Extinction d- Hunting
7-A…………….is the largest animal on the earth .
a-whale b-rhinoceros c-elephant d-tiger
8- ……………is a substance to make plants grow faster .
a- An insecticide b- Pesticide c- Fertilizer d- Fuel
9- A……………. large area full of trees .
a- forest b-oasis c- lake d- dam
10-…………….. are the hot region close to the equator .
a- Tropical forests b-Oases c- Lakes d- Dams
11- The letter is ……………. . You must write the reply now .
a-urgent b- urgently c- not necessary d- not important
12- …………… is a substance used to kill unwanted insects .
a- insecticide b- fertilizer c- tropical d- species
13- …………….. means to talk about what may happen in the future .
a- Ifect b- Predict c- Die out d- Endanger
***********************Word Study Exercises*********************
conservation حمايةextinction انقراض
face يواجه
forest غابة
mean يعني /يقصد
planet كوكب
rate معدل
source مصدر
species فصيلة
tropical استوائي
urgent عاجل
visible مرئي
1-animals حيوانات extinction إنقراض
2. Saudi Arabia built most of its highways at a very fast ratebetween 1981 and 1990.
3- environment البيئة conservation حماية
3. Most governments are interested in the conservation of the environment.
4- elephant فيل species فصيلة
5- planet كوكب Mars المريخ
6- Canadaكندا forests غابات
7- source مصدر information معلومات
Alan: They say the story comes from Mr. Smith himself.
8- extinction انقراض face يواجه
environment.
9- problem مشكلة mean ينوي
10- gardenحديقة visible مرئي
11- cold بارد tropical استوائي
11. You cannot put tropical fish into a cold northern lake. They need warmer water.
12- urgent عاجلة immediately فورا
*** Questions
*********************Grammar************************
يستخدم السؤال المذيل لـتأكيد حدوث أو عدم حدوث الفعل
= و يتكون من الفعل المساعد + ضمير الفاعل في الجملة الأولى و يكون السؤال عكس الجملة من حيث الإثبات و النفي
الحالة الأولى :- إذا كان بالجملة فعل في التصريف الثاني ( به ( ed
………………………………………….Didn't + ضمير الفاعل ?
Yes, + ضمير الفعل + did .
I watched the film yesterday , didn't I ? Yes, you did .
They studied English last night , didn't they ? Yes, they did .
My father bought a new car , didn't he ? Yes, he did ?
Complete the following sentences :-
You went to London last year , ………………….. ? ………………..…?
You saw Ahmad yesterday , ………………….. ? ……………..……?
I won the race , ……………………… ? ………………….. ?
He fell of the bike . ……………………|? ………………….. ?
They built that house , …………………? ………………….. ?
You knocked at the door , …………………….. ? ………………….. ?
He broke his wrest , ……………………… ? ………………….. ?
They flew on Saudia , ………………….. ? ………………….. ?
I rang the wrong bell , ……………………? ………………….. ?
He did his homework ,……………………? ……………………?
You ate the whole cake , …………………? ………………….. ?
You spent all your money , ………………….? ………………….. ?
She cut her finger , ………………………? ………………….. ?
Choose the right answer :-
1-He came early, …………………..?
a- wasn't he b- didn't hec- doesn't he d-did he
2-They painted the room, ……………..?
a- didn't they b- were theyc- did theyd-weren't they
3-They went to the United Stales last year., ……………….. ?
a-didn’t they b-don’t they c-did they d-they did
4-Youssef wrote to his pen-friend last week.,…………………….. ?
a-didn’t he b-don’t he c-doesn’t he d-didn’t Youssef
5-You helped your father last night, ……………………?
a-didn’t you b-don’t you c-didn’t they d-didn’t I
6-You wrote your homework, …………………….?
a-didn’t I b-do you c-you did d-did you
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The Past Perfect Tense الماضي التام
past X future
Form : had + P.P.(past participle) التصريف الثالث للفعل
Prophet Ibrahim had built the Ka’aba .
The Pharaohs had invented astrology .
The Romans had fought the Muslims .
ويستخدم أيضا إذا كان هناك حدثين حدثا في الماضي ...ووقع أحدهما قبل الآخر
Past x x 1 Future
Yesterday ,I watched the match after I had done my H.W .
She *****d lunch after she had cleaned the house .
Yesterday, after he had eaten breakfast ,he went to school .
We had prepared the food before the guests arrived .
Before he went out ,she had turned off all lights .
Before past simple had. +P.P.
Had +p.p. before past simple+ p.p
I had written the letter before I posted it .
After had+ P.P. past simple
Past simple after had+ p.p.
He left the factory after he had finished work .
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The past perfect passive الماضي التام في المبني للمجهول
عند تحويل الماضي التام الى المبني للمجهول , يكون شكل الجملة :
الفاعل التصريف 3 المفعول
Object + had + been + p.p. + by + subject
1 2 3
Mona had cleaned the room .
The room had been cleaned by Mona .
Change into passive :-
Sámi had written a letter to Ali . ……………………………………………. .
The baker had sold all the bread . ……………………………………………. .
They had built a university in Makkah . ……………………………………………. .
My friend had bought a new computer . ……………………………………………. .
Choose the right answer :-
1-The bread ( sell – sold – selling - had been sold ) by the baker .
2-The road ( mended – had mended – had been mended – mending ) by the workers
3-The thief had been ( saw – seen – sees -seeing ) by the policeman .
5-A dam ( had built – had been built – building – built ) in the south of the valley .
6- Those radios had been ( makes- made – made – making ) by engineers in Japan .
7- The bridge had been ( built –building – built – builds ) by engineers over the river
8- The car had been ( cleaned – cleaned – cleaning – clean ) by Ali .
9- That house had been (painted – paints – paint – painting ) last year . 10- Food had been ( cook –*****d – cooks – is *****ng ) in the kitchen .
Present Perfectالمضارع التام
Formation :
Have - has + P.P.
I He
We She has + p.p.
You have +p.p It
They singularمفرد
plural جمع
Meaning :
To express an action began in the past and finished .
Past now future
I have packed my suites .
He has written the letter .
My friends havealready prepared lunch .
Key words :
already بالطبع - justتوا - yet حتى الآن - latelyمؤخرا – recentlyحديثا
since منذ -for لمدة – ever – never
Have- has +p.p. التصريف الثالث للفعل + عدد أشياء
1-Mona has ……………… 5 thobes .
a-washed b-washing c-wash d-washes
2-He has ………………. 550 kilometres .
a-drives b- driven c- driving d- drive
3-We have ………………. five books .
a-studying b-studied c-studies d-study
4-he has ……………… million miles .
a-flown b- flew c- flies d- fly
5-he has ……………… one hundred elephants .
a- shot b- shoot c- shooting d- shoots The present perfect continuous tenseالمضارع التام المستمر
now
Past future
Form: تكوينه
I –You - We - They + جمع have + been + verb + ing
He - She - It + اسم مفرد has + been + verb + ing
*I have been studying English for three hours
We have been learning E. at school for 5 years .
Ali has been sleeping since 2 o’clock .
Key words :_علاماته
منذ Since + time ( 2:00 – yesterday – last week – Rajab – October – 1420 ) لمدة For + period of time ( 2 hours – 3 days - 4 weeks – 5 months – 10 years )
The difference between the present perfect and present perfect continuous
يستخدم المضارع التام عادة للتعبير عن عدد ما تم إنجازه
اما المضارع التام المستمر , فيعبر عن الوقت الذي تم فيه إنجاز الشيء
She has been washing since the morning . ( time )
She has washed 10 thobes . ( number of things )
have/has been + verb + ing
عند الإختيار :-
إذا كان بالجملة since / for اختر
2- إذا سٌبق الفراغ ب have/has been اختر الفعل به ing
Choose the right answer:
1- We ( tried – have tried – have been trying – are trying ) to solve the problem for two hours now .
2- I ( have learned – had been learning – learned – have been learning ) to drive for a month and I’m still learning it .
3- The child has been ( slept –slept –sleeping – is sleeping ) for ten hours now.
4- The school (has been offering – have been offering – offered – is offering ) English courses for ten years and it still offering up till now .
5- Some students (have been (learning – learn- learned – learns ) here for five years and they still doing that .
6-Many schools have been (teaching –teaches – had been taught – taught ) English for over 30 years and they have not stopped .
7-I have been (works - working - worked - work ) here since 1414 H
8-They (built- have been building –are building ) that house since last Ramadan .
9-She (made –is making -has been making ) cakes since the morning .
10-Workers have been ( worked – working – work – works )here for three months.
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